“So it can happen that the File Shield misses a specific sample - yet it gets (or would get) blocked by the Web Shield during download - because it’s downloaded from a known malware distribution site

If the site is on the list of “known malware distribution” , seems to be logical that Avast! knows which malware is being distributed. (other wise why put the site on the list???)
So, if the malware is known, should be detected by the file shield.

At least this seems to be a logical chain of events…