So I got a new 1 TB hdd , I had to create a volume on it before it can be used, but after formatting and creating a volume, it says 931GB free out of 931GB, although it seems correct, I right click it and found 118MB had already been used when there is nothing in the drive.
Does hard disk usually have some sort of cache where they use like 118MB for caching itself?
I tried formatting again but it still shows 118MB used after formatting, there was totally nothing inside.
That’s most likely the difference between GB (factor of 1000) and GiB (factor of 1024, commonly shown as “GB” in Windows).
You’re actually getting 1000 GB (factor of 1000) and that’s why there is lower space shown.
That’s the filesystem files. NTFS uses quite a lot of them (like $Mft, $Bitmap, $Volume, $Secure etc) to store all the necessary info about the disk layout, security, ownership etc. etc. Most of those files are pretty small, but the $Mft can get quite big. These files are superhidden, so they won’t show up even if you disable hiding of system and hidden files.