Good questions.
On XP, stuff like that can easily be handled by a good HIPS program.
On Windows 7, 8, 10 - there are no good HIPS programs, so I also wonder and would like to hear some answers.
I think the answers to your last two questions would be
changed - yes, unless you’ve set the scanner to be persistent and not scan again. I maybe wrong here - if Avast calculates some checksum, then an updated program is new and should be checked again.
I think deep screen(ing) will kick in on applications unknown to Avast.
If I’m wrong I’m sure the experts here will soon correct.