Try running the fixit tool http://go.microsoft.com/?linkid=9662461 and see if that repairs your firewall, if that doesn’t work i would be downloading a new copy of the windows firewall from microsoft and saving then delet the one you have and install the new.
Even better would be to get rid of the windows xp firewall all together as it’s not good and install something like the free Online Armor or Privatefirewall but that is only if you confident with firewalls.
Well the windows XP firewall shouldn’t be the issue as it has ZERO outbound checking/protection.
If you have a problem with the firewall “cannot be accessed because of an unidentified problem” it would be interesting to know why and if this might in somehow impact on avast’s update function. Hopefully the fixit resolve the problem with the firewall, but I don’t know if that would resolve the update problem.
If you can try to access the XP firewall from the control panel , windows firewall and try to capture any error message in full or attach a screenshot of the error window.